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Names | |||
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IUPAC name
Sodium carbonate
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Other names
Soda ash, Washing soda, Soda crystals
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Identifiers | |||
CAS Number
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3D model (JSmol)
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ChEBI |
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ChEMBL |
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ChemSpider |
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ECHA InfoCard | 100.007.127 | ||
EC Number | 207-838-8 | ||
E number | E500 (acidity regulators, ...) | ||
PubChem CID
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RTECS number | VZ4050000 | ||
UNII |
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InChI
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SMILES
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Properties | |||
Chemical formula
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Na2CO3 | ||
Molar mass | 105.9888 g/mol (anhydrous) 286.1416 g/mol (decahydrate) |
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Appearance | White solid, hygroscopic | ||
Odor | Odorless | ||
Density | 2.54 g/cm3 (25 °C, anhydrous) 1.92 g/cm3 (856 °C) 2.25 g/cm3 (monohydrate) 1.51 g/cm3 (heptahydrate) 1.46 g/cm3 (decahydrate) |
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Melting point | 851 °C (1,564 °F; 1,124 K) decomposes (anhydrous) 100 °C (212 °F; 373 K) decomposes (monohydrate) 33.5 °C (92.3 °F; 306.6 K) decomposes (heptahydrate) 34 °C (93 °F; 307 K) (decahydrate) |
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Solubility in water
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Anhydrous, g/100 mL: 7 (0 °C) 16.4 (15 °C) 34.07 (27.8 °C) 48.69 (34.8 °C) 48.1 (41.9 °C) 45.62 (60 °C) 43.6 (100 °C) |
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Solubility | Soluble in aq. alkalis, glycerol Slightly soluble in aq. alcohol Insoluble in CS2, acetone, alkyl acetates, alcohol, benzonitrile, liquid ammonia |
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Solubility in glycerine | 98.3 g/100 g (155 °C) | ||
Solubility in ethanediol | 3.46 g/100 g (20 °C) | ||
Solubility in dimethylformamide | 0.5 g/kg | ||
Basicity (pKb) | 3.67 | ||
Magnetic susceptibility (χ)
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−4.1·10−5 cm3/mol | ||
Refractive index (nD)
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1.485 (anhydrous) 1.420 (monohydrate) 1.405 (decahydrate) |
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Viscosity | 3.4 cP (887 °C) | ||
Structure | |||
Crystal structure
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Monoclinic (γ-form, β-form, δ-form, anhydrous) Orthorhombic (monohydrate, heptahydrate) |
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Space group
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C2/m, No. 12 (γ-form, anhydrous, 170 K) C2/m, No. 12 (β-form, anhydrous, 628 K) P21/n, No. 14 (δ-form, anhydrous, 110 K) Pca21, No. 29 (monohydrate) Pbca, No. 61 (heptahydrate) |
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Point group
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2/m (γ-form, β-form, δ-form, anhydrous) mm2 (monohydrate) 2/m 2/m 2/m (heptahydrate) |
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Lattice constant
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a = 8.920(7) Å, b = 5.245(5) Å, c = 6.050(5) Å (γ-form, anhydrous, 295 K)
α = 90°, β = 101.35(8)°, γ = 90°
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Coordination geometry
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Octahedral (Na+, anhydrous) | ||
Thermochemistry | |||
Specific
heat capacity (C) |
112.3 J/mol·K | ||
Std molar
entropy (S |
135 J/mol·K | ||
Std enthalpy of
formation (ΔfH |
−1130.7 kJ/mol | ||
Gibbs free energy (ΔfG˚)
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−1044.4 kJ/mol | ||
Hazards | |||
Main hazards | Irritant | ||
Safety data sheet | MSDS | ||
GHS pictograms |
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GHS signal word | Warning | ||
GHS hazard statements
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H319 | ||
GHS precautionary statements
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P305+351+338 | ||
NFPA 704 |
![]()
0
1
0
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Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC): | |||
LD50 (median dose)
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4090 mg/kg (rat, oral) | ||
Related compounds | |||
Other anions
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Sodium bicarbonate | ||
Other cations
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Lithium carbonate Potassium carbonate Rubidium carbonate Caesium carbonate |
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Related compounds
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Sodium sesquicarbonate Sodium percarbonate |
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Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). |
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Infobox references | |||